THE 4 FOUNDATION

'' The establishment (foundation) is mindfulness. The contemplation is knowledge. The body is the establishment (foundation) and the mindfulness. Mindfulness is both establishment (foundation) and the mindfulness...' (Ps. i, 184-6).

In other words, 'Foundation (patthana) is because of establishment (upathana) by going down into, by descending upon, such and such oqbjects. The body is the establishment (foundation) :  there is that body, and mindfulness approaches it by making it its object and remains there, thus it is called 'establishment'. And the words "the body is the establishment" include the other (the mental) kind of body too since the above-mentioned comprehension by insight is needed here too. "But it is not the mindfulness" : that body is not called "mindfulness" (though it is called and in the sense of establishing (upatitthana). Mindfulness itself as foundation (establishment) is 'Foundation of Mindfulness".

The Four Foundation of Mindfulness is comprised of plurality of consciousness, the stage when mundane insight is occuring, which is part of the 37 states partaking of enlightenment. At the time when, on seeing an unprofitable state arisen in someone else, which has not yet arisen in his own person, he strives for its non-arising thus 'I shall not behave as he has done in whom this is now arisen, an so this will not arise in me', then he has the first right endeavour, he strives to abandon it, then he has the second; when he strives to arouse jhana or insight so far unarisen in this person, he has the third; and when he arouses again and again what has person, he has the third; and when he arouses again and again what has already arisen so that it shall not diminish, he has the fourth. And at the time of arousing a profitable state with zeal as the motive force, there is the road to power consisting in zeal, (and so on with the remaining three roads to power) And at the time of abstaining from wrong speech there is right speech, (and so on with abstaining form wrong action and wrong livelihood.).

At the time arising of (any one of) these four kinds of (path) knowledge, then (all these states) are found  in a single consciousness. In the moment of fruition the 33 excepting the Four Right Endeavours are found. When these are found in a single consciousness in this way, it is one kind of mindfulness whose object is nibbana tha is called 'the Four Foundations of Mindfulness') because it accomplishes the function of abandoning the (four) perceptions of beauty, etc., in the (four things) beginning with preventing the arising of the unarisen (unprofitable). But there is no decrease or increase with the rest.

The Foundation of Mindfulness consisting in contemplation of feeling, in one discerning feeling in the 9 ways :

These 9 ways are :
1- zeal
2- consciousness
3- hapiness
4- tranquillity
5- equanimity
6- thinking
7- speech
8- action
9- livinghood

The Foundation of Mindfulness consisting in contemplation of mental objects, in one discerning mental objects in the 5 ways.

It is one in the five ways : the meaning is that another one is found in five ways. Herein, understanding is the 'one in five ways' since it is these 5 :
1- a faculty
2- a power
3- an enlightenment factor
4- a path factor and
5- a road to power

There are two corrective actions in order not to be affected by emotion, in order to remain in the true nature:
1- apply an antidote to disturbing emotion, for example, for the emotion of lust, the remedy is to visualize dried corpse.
2- directly recognised its essence and liberate them in the state or raw sensation